Thursday, December 25, 2008

Refi madness

Falling interest rates are leading to a rush to get cheaper mortgages. Should you join in?
By Les Christie, CNNMoney.com staff writer
Last Updated: December 24, 2008: 2:31 PM ET
NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Falling interest rates are fueling a mortgage refinance frenzy as homeowners rush to reduce their housing payments.

The average rate for a 30-year, fixed mortgage dropped to 5.08% last week, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association, more than a full point lower than just a month ago.

Mortgage applications were up a whopping 48% last week, according to the MBA and more than 80% were from homeowners looking to lower housing costs.

"It's snowing loans," said Steve Habetz, a Connecticut mortgage broker, "and they're all refis."

Among those were Elizabeth Mayer and Michael Keohane, who bought their Manhattan condo just a little over a year ago, financing $220,000 of the purchase price with a 30-year, fixed rate loan of 6.5%. That was affordable, with monthly payments of less than $1,400. But their new 5.25% loan will lower their payment to about $1,215, saving about $175 a month.

"It was a nice holiday gift," said Mayer.

With savings like that, it's no wonder that homeowners are coming out of the woodwork. And mortgage brokers are beating the drums too, advising their clients to let the good times roll.

Mayer said her mortgage broker had kept her informed of interest rate declines ever since she originally purchased her home. "He's been encouraging whenever opportunities arose," she said. "We missed one opportunity last spring when we just weren't able to act on it."

The broker made sure they didn't miss this chance. "He e-mailed me [about it] from South Africa and called when he got back," said Mayer.

Who should refi...
Anyone with high adjustable-rate loans. Folks in this group should try to get into a low fixed rate if they can. Not only will they lower their payments immediately but it would also eliminate the possibility of future increases.

Those who would lower their rate by a percentage point or more. Borrowers who already have a reasonable fixed rate shouldn't jump into a new loan every time rates inch down, according to Orawin Velz, an economist for the Mortgage Bankers Association.

"You should have at least a percentage point difference before you even think about it," Velz said. "If you have a 6.5% loan right now, it would be a great time to refi."

Waiting for a substantial rate decrease makes sense because getting a new mortgage incurs some expenses. There are the costs of a new appraisal and origination and application fees. Plus, a title search and title insurance are usually required.

All those costs, which can add up to $2,000 or $3,000 or more for a typical $200,000 loan, are often rolled back into the mortgage, increasing the principal upon which the interest rates are applied. If that goes up so much that it offsets the interest rate drop, it doesn't make sense to refi.

Those who are planning to stay in their homes for a while. The increased balances usually take a year or two to be wiped out by lower monthly payments, so anyone planning to sell the home during the next few years probably should not refinance, unless the difference in interest rates is very substantial.

The actual rate borrowers get depends, just as with purchase mortgages, on credit scores, income and assets and the value of the home.

"If you have a high credit score and your equity is good, it's like a vanilla cream puff," said Velz. "You're going to get a great rate."

Borrowers with significant equity in their homes. Many homeowners have had much of their home values erased in the post-bubble bust, eliminating much or all of their home equity - the difference between the value of the home and the amount owed on the mortgage.

If a refi borrower's home equity has fallen below 20% of the total appraised home value, the borrower will likely have to purchase private mortgage insurance. The insurance adds a point or two to the monthly mortgage costs, which turns a 5% loan into a 6% or 7% loan, erasing any advantage of refinancing.

"That's the biggest hurdle for refinancing right now," said Velz.

Borrowers who don't think rates will decline much further. Everyone considering refis has to decide whether to wait for interest rates to go even lower, which the Mortgage Bankers Association has been forecasting.

That's only a prediction, though, not a certainty. Rates could turn higher instead.

Borrowers must weigh the advantages of gambling on rates turning around or locking in savings at the present very low rates.

First Published: December 24, 2008: 1:42 PM ET

Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Fed slashes key rate to near zero

Ben Bernanke & Co. cite weakness in economy and reduced inflation threat as justification for cutting rates to a range of 0% to 0.25%
By Chris Isidore, CNNMoney.com senior writer
Last Updated: December 16, 2008: 2:47 PM ET
NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- In its latest effort to try and stimulate the U.S. economy, the Federal Reserve cut its key interest rate to a range of between zero percent and 0.25%, and said it expects to keep rates near that unprecedented low level for some time to come.

The central bank typically sets a specific target for its federal funds rate instead of a range. The rate had previously been at 1% and this marks the first time the Fed has cut rates below 1%. Most investors were expecting the Fed to cut rates to either 0.25% or 0.5%.

Taking the rate so close to zero leaves the Fed with little room for additional moves if the economy does not start to show signs of improvement soon.

But the Fed said in a statement that it is looking at different steps it can take to stimulate the economy and keep market rates low, including the purchases of long-term U.S. Treasury notes. The Fed also said it will consider other, yet to be disclosed moves as well.

"The Federal Reserve will continue to consider ways of using its balance sheet to further support credit markets and economic activity," the Fed said.

In explaining the reason behind the rate cut, the Fed said the U.S. economy, which has officially been in a recession for a year, was in danger of getting weaker, and that the risk of inflation had decreased "appreciably."

Earlier Tuesday, the Labor Department reported that the Consumer Price Index, its key inflation measure, fell by a record 1.7% in November.

The central bank's federal funds rate is an overnight lending rate used as a benchmark to set rates for a variety of loans, including adjustable rate mortgages, credit cards, home equity lines of credit and business loans. This marks the tenth time it has cut rates in the last 15 months.

This rate is the key tool the Fed uses to spur or slow the economy as it tries to balance its dual goals of economic growth and price stability. Lower rates are designed to encourage spending by making borrowing more affordable. Higher rates can keep prices in check by slowing the economy.

Other central banks, notably the Bank of Japan, have taken rates down to near the 0% level in the past. Last week, the Swiss central bank cut its key rate to 0.5%.

First Published: December 16, 2008: 2:29 PM ET

Monday, December 15, 2008

FHA Upcoming Downpayment Changes Effective January 1

Written By: Stacey Sprain,
Certified Ambassador Loan Processor (CALP)

HUD sure makes things confusing sometimes don’t they? With so many changes already in place and coming up with the New Year, I thought it might be a good time to run down a list so that everyone can prepare for January 1st. I’ve run across a few folks who are confused as to guideline changes and effective dates so this will serve as a helpful reminder. Effective for FHA purchases in which cases are assigned on and after January 1st, the minimum downpayment requirements change from the current structure which is a mass of varying requirements based on purchase price and location. Those calculations, which often prove to be very confusing, are being replaced by a simple 3.5% downpayment requirement/96.5% loan-to-value max limit across the board. This calculation will make things much simpler industry-wide when it comes to calculating the purchase maximum mortgage amounts.

However, with the new calculations come a few drawbacks. To date, borrowers have been able to roll in allowable closing costs up to their maximum loan-to-value but effective January 1st, closing costs are no longer allowed to be rolled into max mortgage. Closing costs no longer may be used to meet the minimum investment requirement on FHA purchase transactions. The borrower is responsible for covering the amounts of closing costs, prepaids and 3.5% downpayment required for settlement.

Now the seller-funded downpayment assistance options have been eliminated, this causes some concern for borrowers who have little monies saved for downpayment who wouldn’t qualify for any 100% conventional financing program options due to credit restrictions. So what are borrower options for covering the closing cost, prepaid and downpayment requirements on and after January 1st?

Interested-party contribution limits are not changing so sales agreements may still be written with the seller, realtor, builder and/or lender crediting up to 6% of the purchase price toward borrower closing costs and prepaids. As for the 3.5% downpayment, borrowers may still receive gift funds from relatives, may still receive government homebuyer grant funding in eligible areas, and may use secured funds in the form of a loan against a 401-k plan or other secured asset, or sale of personal property.

In regards to FHA up-front MIP and annual mortgage insurance premiums, these are already in place effective for cases assigned on and after October 1st and will NOT be changing with the downpayment requirement changes. For more info on the MI premiums, refer to Mortgagee Letter 2008-22.

Maximum LTV limits for refinances are explained in Mortgagee Letter 2008-13 and the attachment that was provided.

An important reminder regarding the upcoming downpayment requirement change- Don’t forget to update your loan origination software system as needed. Your existing Good Faith Estimate template(s) may need to be updated to remove the financing of allowable closing costs and may need to incorporate the new simplified downpayment requirement for 96.5% of the lower of purchase price or appraised value. If you utilize software with a major provider like Calyx Point, Contour Loan Handler or Ellie Mae Encompass, you may wish to contact your account representative for an update on what they are planning and when software updates may be expected.

About the Writer. As one of NAMP's volunteer writers, Stacey Sprain is currently a NAMP member in good standing and is a NAMP Certified Ambassador Loan Processor (CALP). If you would like to become a volunteer writer for NAMP, please email us at: blog@mortgageprocessor.org.

Friday, December 5, 2008

Home Renovations On Sale

Materials costs are plunging, and contractors are begging for work. Suddenly that long-postponed remodel is looking like a smart idea.
By Donna Rosato, Money Magazine senior writer
December 3, 2008: 9:33 AM ET
(Money Magazine) -- If you're struggling to see a silver lining in the beaten-down real estate market, consider this one: It may be a rotten moment to sell your house, but if you've postponed a much needed renovation project on your home - replacing a rotting deck, repairing a leaky roof or updating an antiquated bathroom - now just might be the best time in years to tackle that task.

The reason: Costs are starting to drop - in some cases, sharply - on everything from building materials to contractors' fees as the economy weakens and housing prices tumble.

In fact, consumer spending on home improvements is off by 12% since peaking last year, according to Harvard's Joint Center for Housing Studies - and that works to the advantage of anyone willing and able to remodel now.

"It's hard for homeowners to think about spending on their houses when real estate values are falling," says Kermit Baker, a senior research fellow at Harvard who tracks remodeling trends. "But with contractors hungrier for business, you'll be able to negotiate better prices, win other concessions and hire better-quality contractors than you could a year or two ago."

Overall, experts say, you can expect to save at least 10% on the cost of a renovation and possibly a lot more, depending on where you live and the project you choose. And if prices on many remodeling materials continue to decline as projected over the next few months, the cost of home improvements should fall even further.

Yet another benefit: Putting money into needed repairs and updates now should help your home maintain its value even as other house prices keep falling.

Of course, not all renovations are created equal. Adding a home office or a swimming pool might be on your wish list, but these days neither is likely to give you much of a return on your investment.

With home prices still in a free fall, it's more critical than ever to understand which projects will return the most on your investment and how to negotiate the best deal with the pros you hire to do the job. The following strategies should help.

Cherry-pick your project
Understand this from the outset: No matter what kind of repair or renovation you undertake, you can't count on the payback you'd have gotten a few years ago when home prices were rising steadily.

According to a new study by Remodeling magazine, these days you can expect to recoup about two-thirds of your costs on a typical home improvement if you sell your home within a year after completing the job, compared with 87% in 2005, when home values were at their peak.

That means you have to be especially careful in choosing which jobs to do, considering the urgency of the need (if that roof is leaking, you really have to fix it now) as well as what you'll pay in material costs, how much of the total bill you may recover and any extra benefits you may get.

To the extent you have a choice, focus on projects with better-than-average returns that may yield additional savings in other ways. For example, installing new windows will cost $10,000 to $20,000 on average but return 75% to 80% of your investment (see "Payback time" above and to the right for the six projects with the best return).

And those improvements have the added benefit of making your home more energy-efficient, so you'll also save on your electricity and heating bills. Plus, you may qualify for tax credits that will further offset the cost of making the changes. A host of home improvement tax credits for windows, doors, insulation and roofing were added or extended in the recent bailout bill; for the complete list, go to energystar.gov.

Some exterior improvements also make a lot of sense right now thanks to sharply lower oil prices. That's because many petroleum-based products, such as asphalt and vinyl, are the core material in these renovations.

The costs of these products had soared recently along with the price of oil but have started to drop, making this the best time in a while to replace your aging roof, repave your driveway or redo your vinyl siding. (See "Building blocks at a discount" above and to the right for a look at recent price changes in key remodeling materials.)

Also think about limiting the scope of the project, since minor upgrades rather than major additions give you more bang for your buck today. For instance, if you modernize your bathroom, you can expect to recover about 75% of what you spent, but adding an entirely new bathroom will pay back only 64% of the cost of the job.

Press for a price break...
These days you'll find a glut of construction professionals vying for your business - a far cry from the situation a few years ago when it was impossible to get a reputable contractor to return your call and a six-month wait to start a kitchen remodel was the norm.

How low can you ask remodeling pros to go? According to a new survey by the contractor referral site Angie's List, 70% of home builders and remodelers are willing to drop prices at least 10%, and 30% say they'll give even steeper discounts.

"There's a larger pool of professionals fighting for these jobs, so a little negotiation may go a long way to get the best possible price for your project," says Angie Hicks, founder of Angie's List, which charges a monthly fee of $6 for access to customer reviews and references.

You'll have the most leverage in the areas that have been hit hardest by the housing slump. But no matter where you live, you should be able to strike a bargain (for tips, see "Hiring a Contractor" above and to the right).

Get bids from at least three remodelers, and insist that their quotes spell out all costs, including labor as well as materials (brand-name products where possible).

Let each pro know up front that you are comparison shopping and that price, in addition to quality craftsmanship, will play a key role in deciding whom you will work with. With the bids in hand, you can then compare prices and start negotiating.

Shopping around really paid off for Nancy Boris, who saved $2,800 on the cost of replacing the back patio of her 2,400-square-foot, three-bedroom home in Roseville, Calif.

Boris, a nurse case manager, got bids ranging from $2,400 (from a contractor who didn't have insurance or references) to $5,800. The highest bidder eventually came down $2,000 in price to $3,800, but Boris ended up going with a pro who had better references for $3,000.

...but be wary of super-low bids
As Boris discovered, it doesn't always pay to just reflexively choose the contractor who comes in with the lowest quote.

In their eagerness (or perhaps desperation) to win business in these tight economic times, some less than scrupulous remodelers may cut corners to come up with that low bid or else leave off charges that they may tack on later, making the actual cost of the project higher than it seemed initially.

Carefully scrutinize any bid that comes in significantly lower than the rest. Ask the contractor, politely but point-blank, how he manages to undercut his competition.

Does he have a general liability policy and workers' compensation? If not, should one of the crew get injured on your property, you'll be liable. Is he using low-quality materials? Is everything you need to get the job done included in the bid?

Then follow up by asking for references from previous clients and checking out his reputation and work history. To do so, go to contractorcheck.com, where for a fee of $13 you can get information about licensing and insurance as well as any legal actions taken. Sites like ContractorsFromHell.com and AngiesList.com can also provide valuable insights.

Wring out extra concessions
In addition to price breaks, ask for other perks while you're negotiating, like a faster completion or a more convenient schedule for work to be done, advises Sal Alfano, editorial director of Remodeling.

Remember, homeowners nowadays are in the driver's seat. "With contractors working on fewer projects, you can expect better service," he says. "Even if in the end you don't get a significantly better price on your project, you should at least get better work done."